5.5 Classification

Binomial system of nomenclature
Binomial system - given scientific name - two Latin words.
First denotes genus, second denotes species.
Science of classification is taxonomy.

Seven levels of taxa-kingdom
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Examples:
Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia, Primate, Hominidae, Homo, sapiens (Human)
Plantae, Angiospermophyta, Dicotyledoneae, Ranales, Ranuculacae, Ranunculus, acris (Meadow buttercup)

Bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta
Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
No true leaves or roots.
No vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) or wood for structural support.
No cuticle on leaves.
Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangium to develop into another plant.

Filicinophyta: ferns.
True roots and non-woody stems.
Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem).
Leaves uses pinnate (divided into leaflets).
Reproduce by releasing spores (like mosses).

Coniferophytes: conifers and pines.
Woody stems with vascular systems.
Narrow, long, thin needle-like leaves with a thick waxy cuticle.

Angiospermatophyta: flowering plants and grasses.
True roots, stems, and leaves with waxy cuticles.
Vascular tissue.
Seeds produced from ovules in ovaries.

Animal phyla
Porifera (sponges)
Asymmetrical
No mouth or anus
Pores through body

Cnidaria (jellyfish and anemones)
Radial
Mouth but no anus
Tentacles with stinging cells

Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworms)
Bilateral
Mouth but no anus
Flat, softened body

Annelida (earthworms and leeches)
Bilteral
Mouth and anus
Segmented body

Mollusca (squids, slugs and snails)
Bilateral
Mouth and anus
May have shell

Arthropoda (insects, spiders)
Bilateral
Mouth and anus
Jointed appendages, exoskeletons

Dichotomous key
(ib.bioninja.com.au)